零膨胀材料对提高航空航天结构和电子设备等的热几何稳定性有重要意义.采用拓扑优化技术设计各相材料在单胞域的分布形式,以获得零膨胀材料的微结构形式.给出了由二相实体材料和空心构成的各向同性零膨胀材料的设计方案,讨论了初始设计依赖性问题,分析了该依赖性的存在原因.采用有限元技术代替实际测试,分析了所设计材料的试件在均匀温度变化下的变形,验证了所设计材料的零膨胀(低膨胀)性质,说明通过拓扑优化技术设计材料的微结构是设计零膨胀材料的有效方法.
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