用真空烧结成功制备了不同成分316L不锈钢纤维/HA复合生物材料和316L不锈钢纤维/HA-ZrO2(CaO)复合生物材料,并通过金相显微镜、SEM、EDXA分析了材料的微观结构、断裂性能和微区元素含量.结果表明:不锈钢纤维和纳米ZrO2(CaO)粒子对复合材料具有增强和增韧的作用.综合考虑认为,20%316L不锈钢纤维/HA-ZrO2(CaO)复合材料的性能最优,其抗弯强度和抗压强度分别为140.1 MPa和348.9 MPa.316L不锈钢纤维/HA-ZrO2(CaO)复合材料抗弯强度随316L不锈钢纤维直径和长度减小而增大,且纤维长度对抗弯强度的影响略大于纤维直径的影响.复合材料微观组织随HA粉末和316L不锈钢纤维成分变化呈规律性变化,没有出现明显的裂纹或孔隙,HA和316L不锈钢纤维结合紧密,界面平整,两相融合程度较高.5%316L不锈钢纤维复合材料表现为脆性断裂,而10%、20%、40%316L不锈钢纤维复合材料均表现为韧性断裂,且韧性程度随316L不锈钢纤维含量依次增加.基体与韧化相均相对独立,二者之间不发生任何化学反应,基体HA中发生微量的Fe元素扩散,但在316L不锈钢中不发生基体的扩散.
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