利用介孔组装,可以进行纳米复合材料结构和功能设计.通过溶胶-凝胶方法,采用混合、浸泡和氢热还原工艺,获得纳米镍/介孔二氧化硅复合材料.运用DSC、XRD、XPS、TEM等手段对纳米镍/介孔二氧化硅复合材料进行表征.结果表明,纳米金属Ni颗粒的尺寸由介孔SiO2的结构和孔径分布决定,受还原温度和成分等影响,在8～20 nm范围变化,浸泡法更容易获得纳米金属颗粒均匀分布的复合材料.由于SiO2介孔结构连通,纳米Ni表面存在氧化,纳米颗粒存在于介孔中形成壳结构.介孔二氧化硅基体中添加稀土元素Ce,有利于增强介孔基体骨架强度,限制纳米颗粒聚集长大.
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