通过实验研究了喷雾炭黑、N762炭黑、特导电炭黑和N326炭黑环氧树脂基复合材料的力电特性、伏安特性及电场作用前后电阻变化,以及炭黑掺量对其上述性能的影响.试验结果表明,炭黑直径和掺量对炭黑环氧树脂基复合材料的力电特性、伏安特性和电阻特性具有较大的影响.掺加质量分数为35%～52.5%,直径123 nm喷雾炭黑的环氧树脂基复合材料具有很好的力电性能,电压和电流关系符合伏安特性,施加电场前后电阻没有明显变化;掺33 nm特导电炭黑和30 nm N326炭黑的环氧树脂基复合材料的力电变化没有明显的规律,电压和电流关系不符合伏安特性,施加电场后其电阻大幅度降低;掺84 nm N762炭黑和26.25%质量分数的喷雾炭黑的环氧树脂基复合材料力电变化具有规律性,但不稳定,电压电流关系不符合伏安特性,施加电场后其电阻降低,但下降的幅度不大.在实验研究的基础上,建立了炭黑环氧树脂基复合材料电路模型,揭示了电击穿是施加电场前后炭黑环氧树脂复合材料电阻发生明显变化的机理,最后,通过分析炭黑间环氧树脂间隙层的变形,解释了炭黑环氧树脂基复合材料的力电特性变化规律.
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