复合材料网格结构由于内部结构复杂,在有限元分析中难以建立实际模型,需要对结构采用均匀化方法进行弹性常数等效.本文中根据结构的最小势能原理和有限元法基本思想,对结构的弹性力学基本方程进行了推导,使用有限单元法中的位移场,根据应变能相等的原则,得出了求解等效弹性矩阵的一种比较通用的方法;根据动能相等的原则,得出了等效质量的求解公式.采用有限元方法,对胞元进行了拉伸和剪切载荷下的细观力学分析,将分析结果代入到推导的公式,求出了复合材料网格结构的等效特性参数;使用求得的等效模型对结构进行了宏观仿真,并与实际模型仿真结果进行对比.研究结果表明,该等效方法具有较好的精度,能够满足工程的需要,可用于各类大型结构的分析.
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