借助烧结的W合金圆柱体垂直冲击60mm厚的45#热轧钢板实验,利用扫描电镜和光学金相显微镜研究了45#钢高速冲击穿孔的显微组织.冲击波使穿孔周围的晶粒破碎,冲击引起的材料变形功转变为热能,以及侵彻过程中的摩擦作用,使穿孔表面熔化,靠近熔化区的晶粒发生再结晶.从穿孔表面到钢板内部可分为:熔化快凝层、再结晶细晶层、变形细晶层、形变层和正常基体组织.在细晶层和形变层中,铁素体晶粒的变形量要远远大于珠光体,部分珠光体开裂,其周围形成微裂纹或微孔洞钢中的硫化锰夹杂在变形中被剧烈拉长.由于铁素体良好的塑性,钢板的破坏方式为延性扩孔.
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