在低碳钢和低碳加铌、钒、钛微合金钢中,通过马氏体冷轧--回火的方法获得了尺寸为数百纳米的超细晶粒铁素体组织,研究了超细晶粒组的形成机制和热稳定性.通过马氏体相交在这些钢中引入了大量高密度位错,马氏体冷轧后位错进一步增殖,形成大量位错胞状结构;在500-600℃进行的60min回火将上述胞状结构转变成具有清晰大角晶界的超细晶粒.在回火过程中形成的微合金元素碳化物对位错运动和晶界移动具有有效的"钉扎"作用,有助于获得超细晶组织并明显提高其热稳定性.
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