用高压釜腐蚀实验研究了在Zr-4合金成分基础上添加0.1％-0.3％(质量分数)Nb的合金在500℃/10.3 MPa过 热蒸汽中的耐腐蚀性能,用TEM和SEM分别观察了合金的显微组织和氧化膜断口形貌.结果表明,合金在500℃/10.3 MPa 过热蒸汽中腐蚀500 h均未出现疖状腐蚀,完全抑制了疖状腐蚀的产生,这与Nb在α-Zr中的固溶量较大有关,固溶在α-Zr 中的Nb能抑制疖状腐蚀斑的形核,提高耐疖状腐蚀性能;合金耐均匀腐蚀性能随着Nb含量的增加而降低,这与Nb的添加降低了固溶在α-Zr中的(Fe+Cr)含量有关,也与Zr(Fe,Cr,Nb)2第二相的析出有关,这2种因素都会加快氧化膜显微组织在腐蚀过程中的演化,促进孔隙和微裂纹的形成.
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