采用慢应变速率实验(SSRT)方法,研究了先进的异材焊接件A508/52M/316L在模拟H压水堆一回路290℃高温水环境中的应力腐蚀破裂(SCC)特性.实验在-780 mV至+200 mV范围的电位下进行,模拟一回路水化学从低O含H的理想低电位状态到溶解O2明显超标的高电位状态的服役环境.该焊接件显微组织和化学成分分布较复杂,显著的变化发生在A508/52M和52M/316L 2个界面附近.在SSRT拉伸试样的典型位置处加工了同样尺寸的尖锐缺口,以模拟应力集中和加速实验,并比较这些典型位置的SCC敏感性.结果表明,当电位位于-780mV至-300mV范围时,SSRT试样总是以韧性断裂形式在镍基合金焊缝中部发生断裂.当电位升到-200mV至+200 mV范围时,试样发生显著的SCC脆断,A508/52M界面区周围是该焊接件最脆弱的部位,在该界面和附近的A508热影响区发生穿晶应力腐蚀破裂(TGSCC),在紧邻界面的镍基合金焊缝薄层发生沿晶应力腐蚀破裂(IGSCC).讨论了破裂机理和实验结果的工程意义.
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