通过对传统定向凝固(HRS)及液态金属冷却(LMC)2种工艺制备的镍基单晶高温合金铸态微孔和固溶微孔尺寸与分布的定量表征,分析了制备工艺以及合金成分对单晶合金铸态及固溶微孔形成的影响.结果表明:合金成分的差异导致本研究中HRS合金铸态微孔体积分数低于LMC合金.2种合金经固溶热处理后,在靠近表面的贫A1层及附近均形成大量的圆形固溶微孔,该类微孔的数量随着与表面的远离而减少.高温空气环境下Al向表面扩散形成贫Al层,进而由于Kirkendall效应形成近表面固溶微孔.高温下枝晶干和枝晶间的元素在扩散过程中产生的Kirkendall效应是合金内部固溶微孔的主要成因.LMC合金较小的一次枝晶臂间距和较低的元素凝固偏析程度使得其内部产生的固溶微孔数量远小于HRS合金.
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