对球栅阵列封装(ball grid array,BGA)组件进行热循环实验,通过EBSD对焊点取向进行表征,观察不同取向焊点内晶粒取向演化情况.同时采用Surface Evolver软件对BGA焊点进行三维形态模拟,并基于实际焊点内的晶粒构成,对热加载条件下BGA组件热应力应变分布进行计算.实验和模拟结果表明,晶粒取向对焊点可靠性和失效模式产生非常显著的影响.对于单个晶粒构成的焊点,应力应变主要集中在靠近界面的钎料内部,该处发生明显的再结晶并伴随着裂纹的萌生和扩展；而对于多个晶粒构成的焊点,应力应变分布则依赖于晶粒取向,再结晶和裂纹倾向于偏离界面沿原有晶界向钎料内部扩展.部分特殊取向焊点,当原有晶界与焊盘界面垂直时,不利于形变,表现出较高的可靠性.当晶界与焊盘夹角为45°时,在剪切应力和焊点各向异性的双重作用下,原有晶界处产生较大的应力应变集中,加速了裂纹的萌生和扩展,导致焊点最终沿着原有晶界发生再结晶和断裂,焊点发生早期失效的可能性增加.
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