基于熔池流动分析的高速激光焊驼峰焊道形成过程研究

金属学报, 2013, 49(6): 725-730. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1037.2013.00058

基于熔池流动分析的高速激光焊驼峰焊道形成过程研究

裴莹蕾 ^1, , 吴爱萍 ^2, , 单际国 ^3, , 任家烈 ^4,

1.清华大学机械工程系,北京,100084

2.清华大学机械工程系,北京100084;清华大学先进成形制造教育部重点实验室,北京100084

3.清华大学机械工程系,北京100084;清华大学先进成形制造教育部重点实验室,北京100084

4.清华大学机械工程系,北京,100084

关键词：高速激光焊 , 驼峰焊道 , 熔池流动 , 驼峰形核 , 光斑直径 , 双光束

INVESTIGATION OF HUMPING FORMATION BASED ON MELT FLOW ANALYSIS IN HIGH-SPEED LASER WELDING PROCESS

Keywords： high-speed laser welding , humping , melt flow , humping nucleation , spot diameter , dual beam

利用高速摄像机观察了高速激光焊熔池的流动行为,分析了驼峰焊道的形成过程及焊接速度对驼峰倾向的影响,并探究了驼峰焊道的抑制措施.研究发现,驼峰的形成经历了形核、长大、凝固3个阶段.形核阶段,环小孔流淌的侧向金属流在小孔后方的汇聚造成了液态金属的起伏,成为驼峰形成核心；长大阶段,液态金属起伏的波谷率先冷却凝固并阻止波峰处液态金属继续向熔池尾部流动,波峰则被从其前方向熔池尾部流动的液态金属填充长大；凝固阶段,长大了的波峰自下而上凝固,固-液界面凸起,接触角减小,波峰处液态金属难以铺展.焊接速度增大,小孔周围的2个侧向金属流在小孔后方的汇聚点与激光热源距离增大,小孔后方液态金属温度降低,表面张力增大,液态金属起伏难以铺展,驼峰易于形核,驼峰倾向增大.小光斑直径激光能够缩短激光热源与汇聚点的距离,双光束激光的副光束的后热作用使得小孔后方液态金属的冷却速率降低,这2种措施均减小了小孔后方液态金属的表面张力,增加了液态金属的铺展能力,从而抑制了驼峰的形核.

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