超塑性拉伸断裂分析

金属学报, 2013, 49(8): 1003-1011. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1037.2013.00078

超塑性拉伸断裂分析

1.吉林大学超塑性与塑性研究所,长春,130022

2.吉林大学超塑性与塑性研究所,长春,130022

3.吉林大学超塑性与塑性研究所,长春,130022

基金项目: National Natural Science Foundation of China(.51005098 and 51005099) 国家自然科学基金项目51005098和51005099及吉林省自然科学基金项目201115015资助 Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province(201115015)

关键词：超塑性 , 拉伸 , 断裂延伸率 , 极限应变 , 孔洞

ANALYSIS OF FRACTURE DURING SUPERPLASTIC TENSION

Keywords： superplasticity , tension , fracture elongation , limit strain , cavity

材料的拉伸断裂问题同时也是断裂延伸率问题,而材料的超塑性以其大的断裂延伸率为主要特征.自超塑性现象发现以来,人们从来没有停止过对超塑性大延伸率变形本质的探索.这方面的文献特别多,但主要集中在超塑性微观机理和变形机制方面,而对于超塑性变形力学规律方面的研究则相对较少.实际上,超塑性大延伸率与其力学稳定性密切相关,并由其特殊的断裂机制所决定.因此,本文首先从超塑性的微观断裂机制出发,着重回顾超塑性孔洞的形核、生长和连接的微观物理机制的研究进展.然后,主要从宏观力学稳定变形出发,回顾国内外有关超塑性拉伸过程中颈缩的产生和发展导致的断裂延伸率或极限应变的力学分析的研究工作,并作了相应的归类和评述.结论指出:尽管超塑性断裂机制的研究很多,但是缺乏统一的认识,仍需要长期的基础性工作.目前的首要任务就是从超塑性拉伸宏观力学规律出发,依据现代数值分析技术深入研究其力学稳定变形机制,以便揭示超塑性大延伸率现象的力学本质.在分析过程中,应采用精确定量的本构方程,并考虑变形路径等外部条件的影响.

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