采用热-弹-塑性有限元计算方法模拟了奥氏体不锈钢SUS304在单道堆焊时的温度场和应力场,探讨了加工硬化和退火软化对焊接残余应力计算结果的影响,重点考察了数值模型中的退火温度设定值对焊接残余应力计算精度的影响.数值模拟结果表明:退火软化效应对纵向残余应力的计算结果有明显影响,随着退火温度设定值的升高,纵向残余应力的峰值增大,而且焊缝及其附近的纵向应力有整体升高的趋势.退火温度对横向残余应力的影响较小.比较计算结果与实验结果可知,SUS304钢的退火温度设定为1000℃时,数值模拟结果与实测结果比较吻合.
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