采用浸渍-提拉法制备聚苯乙烯微球(PS)模板, 以醋酸锌(Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O)、二乙醇胺(NH(C2H2OH)2)、乙醇和水等配制的前驱体溶胶填充PS模板间隙, 经过干燥过程原位形成凝胶, 最后通过煅烧除去PS微球模板得到有序规则排列的多孔ZnO薄膜. 重点讨论了模板在溶胶中的浸渍时间、溶胶的浓度对有序多孔结构形成的影响. 通过TG-DTA分析、XRD、TEM、SEM、IR反射光谱和UV-VIS光谱对结构和性能进行了表征. 结果表明, 用无皂聚合制备的PS直径约为400nm, IR反射光谱布拉格反射测定PS模板为fcc结构, 平行于基底的密排面为(111), ZnO由无定形向纤锌矿转变温度是460℃, 多孔薄膜的孔径约为280nm, 孔壁由晶粒直径约46nm的 ZnO粒子构成, 透光率为60%, 禁带宽度E g约为3.24eV.
An organic template of monodisperse polystyrene spheres (PS) was prepared by a soap-free polymerization method. The spaces in the PS templates were filled by the sol synthesized by using Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O, NH(C2H2OH)2, ethanol and distilled water. The gelation of polystyrene/inorganic precursor was completed at room temperature. Ordered porous ZnO films were obtained after removing PS template by calcining. The influnce of precursor concentration and dipping time on the arrangement of the pores was discussed. TG-DTA, XRD, TEM, SEM, IR reflection spectrum and UV-VIS spectrum were applied to characterize structures and properties of the films. The results show that the PS template has fcc structure in which the (111) plane is paralleled to substrate and the diameter of PS is 420nm. The transformation temperature of ZnO from amorphous to blende is 460℃. The diameter of the pores is about 280nm and the pore-wall is made up of ZnO grains with diameter of about 46nm. The transmissivity reaches 60%. E g is 3.24eV.
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