表面处理是高性能碳纤维制备的重要环节之一. 采用原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)等表征方法, 研究了改性聚丙烯腈（PAN）基碳纤维的表面状态, 探讨了电化学氧化法对碳纤维表面的改性机理. 研究结果表明, 在电化学的化学刻蚀作用下, 碳纤维表面薄弱外层被去除, 表面原有沟槽加宽加深, 表面粗糙度增大了1倍多；在电化学的化学氧化作用下, 碳纤维表面的活性官能团增多, (O1s+N1s)/C1s提高了9.7%. 并提出了电化学氧化同时改善了碳纤维的表面物理状态和表面化学状态的 “物化双效”机理.
Surface treatment is one of the most important procedures for the preparation of the high performance carbon fiber. The morphology of the surface-treated PAN carbon fiber was characterized in terms of AFM, SEM, XPS and XRD. And the modification mechanism of the electrochemical oxidation method was also discussed. Results show that the weaker layer of carbon fiber surface is removed by the electrochemistrical etching. As compared with the untreated carbon fiber, the grooves after treatment become widened and deepened, and the surface roughness is also increased one-fold. The functional groups on the carbon fiber surface are increased after the chemical oxidation of electrochemistry, as confirmed by that the (O1s+N1s)/C1s atomic ratio is increased by 9.7%. The physical and chemical double effectiveness mechanism is put forward that the physical and chemical state of the carbon fiber surface can be improved simultaneously by the electrochemical oxidation.
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