燃料电池对其理想燃料氢气的纯度要求极高, 如何低成本、大规模制取高纯氢气已成为燃料电池技术实现工业化的一个关键问题和研究热点. 近年发展起来的兼具催化与分离双重功能的膜催化反应技术是实现制取高纯氢气的一个有效途径. 本文结合膜催化反应领域的最新进展, 综述了膜催化反应器的优点、组成、类型; 介绍了无机膜材料的优点、分类及制备技术; 详细综述了透氧膜催化反应器、透氢膜催化反应器及双膜催化反应器在制氢过程中的研究进展和应用, 指出了膜催化反应制氢技术在工业化发展过程中存在的问题及应用前景.
As a kind of ideal fuel for fuel cell, hydrogen must be satisfied with the enough high purity. To produce high purity hydrogen at a low cost and large scale method has become a key research focus in the industrialization of fuel-cell technology. The membrane catalytic technology with catalysis and separation dual functions has been developed in recent years, which is a good method to produce high purity hydrogen. Based on the latest developments in the membrane catalytic reaction fields, the advantages, composition and type of membrane catalytic reactor are summarized. The preparation techniques, advantages and classification of inorganic membrane materials are described. Especially, the progress and application for high purity hydrogen production are reviewed in three kinds of catalytic membrane reactors, including oxygen-permeable membrane reactor, hydrogen-permeation membrane reactor and double-membranes reactor. The existing problems of catalytic membrane and membrane catalytic reactor in the industrialization process of hydrogen production using the membrane catalytic technology are also discussed. Additionally, the prospects of membrane catalytic reactors for hydrogen production is proposed.
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