以Bi(NO3)3·5H2O、板状钛酸(H1.07Ti1.73O4·nH2O)、NaOH为原料,采用水热法合成了具有钙钛矿结构的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和X射线能谱仪(EDS)对产物进行表征.通过考察在200℃下水热反应不同时间的产物的相结构、微观形貌及化学组成,对Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维的形成机理进行了探讨.结果表明:钛酸H1.07Ti1.73O4·nH2O是一类具有层板结构的化合物,在水热反应过程中,板状钛酸的层间H3O+可与Na+、Bi3+进行离子交换,通过原位生长的方式形成了板状Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3颗粒,随着水热反应的进行,板状Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3颗粒裂解形成纳米纤维.所得的Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3纳米纤维分散性好,具有钙钛矿结构,直径为30～150 nm,长度为几个微米到十几个微米.
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