在不加任何添加剂和高反应物浓度的条件下, 用CuSO4、NaOH、葡萄糖为原料制备了Cu2O球形粉体. 利用扫描电镜和smileview软件对Cu2O粉体进行了表征分析, 主要考察了加料方式对Cu2O颗料的分散性与粒度稳定性的影响, 并根据Lamer模型初步探讨了其影响机理. 结果表明, 当采用先将NaOH溶液与CuSO4溶液分步缓慢混合制备Cu(OH)2作为铜源, 再加入葡萄糖还原Cu(OH)2制备Cu2O的加料方式时, Cu2O颗粒按“爆发成核, 缓慢生长”的模式形成, 制得的Cu2O粉体分散性高, 粒度稳定性好. 分散性高是由于缓慢的晶核生长有利于通过搅拌作用使初始晶核间的软团聚体再分散, 避免软团聚体进一步通过化学键合发展成为硬团聚. 粒度稳定性好的原因是将NaOH溶液分步缓慢加入到CuSO4溶液中制备的前驱体Cu(OH)2热稳定性好, 较好地保持了前驱体升温过程中铜源组分的单一性, 避免了还原过程中出现二次成核现象.
Spherical Cu2O particles were prepared under high reaction concentration and without any additives using CuSO4, NaOH, and glucose as raw materials. The products were characterized by XRD, SEM and smileview software. The effects of reactant mixing modes on dispersibility and size stability of Cu2O particles were investigated. It is found that when Cu(OH)2 was prepared by slowly mixing NaOH and CuSO4 solutions at first step, and then reduced by adding glucose solution at second step, Cu2O particles were formed by so-called “rapid nucleation- slow growth” model, and well-dispersed spherical Cu2O particles with stable particle size were prepared. The good dispersibility of Cu2O particles can be explained by the slow growth of Cu2O particles, which allows the soft agglomeration of Cu2O particles to be broken by stirring and prevented from becoming hard agglomeration through chemical bond between crystal nuclei. The good particle size stability can be explained by good thermal stability of Cu(OH)2 which allows the precursor to keep oneness during heating up and prevents the renucleation in the reduction.
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