选用蛋清蛋白作为发泡剂,采用蛋白发泡法制备了高孔隙率的泡沫氮化硅陶瓷.设计了三种不同固化工艺:常压固化、恒压固化和高压固化,固化气压依次升高,研究了固化气压对泡沫陶瓷开孔率、孔隙形貌和孔径分布的影响.其中,恒压固化制品的平均孔径和开孔率最高,分别为210 μm和78.6％,且孔径分布比较均匀,常压固化次之,高压固化制品开孔率和平均孔径最低.常压和恒压固化制品为椭球形孔洞,有一定的排列取向,而高压固化制品多为规则的球形孔.随着固化气压的升高,制品孔壁厚度增加,高压固化制品的孔壁厚度最高,其压缩强度接近50 MPa.
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