压电材料通过受主掺杂或烧结挥发等可以形成缺陷偶极子,缺陷偶极子对材料的性能有显著的影响.本文综述了压电材料中缺陷偶极子的产生及其在外场下的响应机理,同时,从缺陷偶极子运动的角度分析了压电材料中老化、电滞回线异常及电致形状记忆效应等现象的起源,简要分析了偶极子弛豫现象,并对未来发展高可靠性压电驱动器的研究作了展望.
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