以蔗糖、柠檬酸、乙二醇和尿素为燃料,Zn(NO3)2为氧化剂/锌源,采用溶液燃烧法合成ZnO纳米棒.借助XRD、SEM、比表面分析和光谱吸收等测试方法,考察了不同燃料对粉体的物相组成、微观形貌、比表面积和光催化性能的影响.结果表明:在点燃温度500℃下,各燃料配制的前驱体溶液均可发生燃烧反应合成六方相ZnO纳米棒,其平均径向尺寸小于100 nm,且以尿素为燃料合成的ZnO晶形更完整,以蔗糖为燃料合成的ZnO粉体具有最大的比表面积(24.83 m2/g).光催化实验表明,以蔗糖为燃料合成的ZnO粉体光催化能力最佳,在高压汞灯照射60 min条件下,其对甲基橙溶液(10 mg/L)的降解率可达98.2％,且光催化反应符合一级动力学方程.
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