调节CaCl2与Na2CO3简单沉淀反应的实验条件制备了微米及纳米级CaCO3粒子,探讨了晶型控制剂种类及用量、反应物浓度、分散方式等多种因素对CaCO3粒子形貌及其分散性等性能的影响.使用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、动态光散射激光粒度仪、X射线衍射等对产物进行了表征.结果表明,无晶型控制剂时,所得产物主要为大小均一方解石晶型CaCO3,尺寸为4～5 μm.相对于机械搅拌,超声波分散制备粒子的形貌更规整,尺寸更均一.在超声波分散条件下,分别采用三聚磷酸钠(STP)、羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC)和聚苯乙烯磺酸钠(PSS)为晶型控制剂,并改变其用量通过沉淀反应制备了CaCO3粒子,对所得产物的结构及其形貌进行了表征.结果表明,晶型控制剂及其用量对CaCO3粒子的结构及其形貌有重要影响.使用STP为晶型控制剂时,除了用量极低的条件下(≤0.10wt％)形成主要为球霰石结构的产物外,一般都形成无定型CaCO3;使用CMC时,一般都形成方解石结构产物;与CMC相反,使用PSS为晶型控制剂时,得到的主要是球霰石结构产物,掺杂少量方解石结构产物.对晶型控制剂在沉淀反应中的作用机理进行了讨论.
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