电卡效应在实现高效率和小尺寸的固态制冷器件方面具有巨大的潜力.本文介绍了获得大电卡效应的热力学原理,评述了近年来电卡效应的实验表征工作,发展了一种直接测量电卡效应熵变或温度变化的方法.结果表明:驰豫型铁电体聚合物和一级相变聚合物材料表现出较大的电卡效应.综合最近在BaTiO3单晶和多层陶瓷电容器的工作,以及铁电制冷器件的尝试,电卡效应表现出诱人的应用前景.
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