以多孔非金属矿物硅藻土为载体,钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/硅藻土复合光催化材料.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis spectroscopy)等方法对硅藻土及不同温度处理得到的复合样品的晶体结构、表面性能及形貌进行表征.结果表明:载体硅藻土能够提高TiO2的晶型转变温度,并且使TiO2纳米颗粒分散均匀,有效抑制了团聚行为的发生.以10 mg/L的罗丹明B溶液为目标降解物,250W汞灯为光源,研究不同热处理温度对TiO2/硅藻土复合材料的光催化活性的影响.结果表明:750℃煅烧2h的样品光照120 min对罗丹明B的去除率接近100％,与Degussa P25的去除率相当.此时样品中具有两种TiO2晶型(A∶R=9∶1),说明TiO2的混晶效应能够有效地抑制光生电子-空穴复合,使样品具有比单一锐钛矿型TiO2更好的光催化性能.
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