弹性气凝胶的制备及其力学、热学性能研究

无机材料学报, 2014, 29(4): 417-422. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1077.2014.13348

弹性气凝胶的制备及其力学、热学性能研究

祖国庆 ^1, , 沈军 ^2, , 邹丽萍 ^3, , 王文琴 ^4, , 连娅 ^5, , 张志华 ^6,

1.同济大学波耳固体物理研究所,上海市人工微结构材料与技术重点实验室,上海200092

2.同济大学波耳固体物理研究所,上海市人工微结构材料与技术重点实验室,上海200092

3.同济大学波耳固体物理研究所,上海市人工微结构材料与技术重点实验室,上海200092

4.同济大学波耳固体物理研究所,上海市人工微结构材料与技术重点实验室,上海200092

5.同济大学波耳固体物理研究所,上海市人工微结构材料与技术重点实验室,上海200092

6.同济大学波耳固体物理研究所,上海市人工微结构材料与技术重点实验室,上海200092

基金项目: Shanghai Committee of Science and Technology(11nm0501600,11nm0501300) 国家科技支撑计划(2013BAJ01B01) 国家自然科学联合基金(U1230113) National Natural Science Foundation of China(11074189) 国家自然科学基金(11074189) Joint Funds of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1230113) 上海市科委纳米专项(11nm0501600,11nm0501300) National Key Technology R&D Program of China(2013BAJ01B01)

关键词：气凝胶 , 甲基三甲氧基硅烷 , 弹性 , 低热导率

Preparation, Mechanical Properties and Thermal Properties of Elastic Aerogels

Keywords： aerogel , methyltrimethoxysilane , elastic property , low thermal conductivity

以甲基三甲氧基硅烷(MTMS)为硅源、水为溶剂、醋酸和氨水作为酸碱催化剂,采用酸碱两步法和酒精超临界干燥制备了透明块体气凝胶.用扫描电镜、比表面积与孔径分析仪、动态力学分析仪和hotdisk热分析仪等表征了气凝胶的微观形貌、孔结构、力学、热学等性能.制备的气凝胶具有很好的弹性性能,压缩60％后可回复到原长的78％,经热处理后反弹到原长的94％.气凝胶同时具有较好的保温隔热性能,常温热导率仅为0.028 W/(m.K).其接触角达154°,表现出较好的疏水性能.气凝胶的耐热温度为440℃,高于此温度将导致甲基氧化分解.气凝胶优良的保温隔热性能和力学性能使其在保温隔热领域中具有广泛的应用前景.

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