以1,3-丁二烯、CO和甲醇为原料,进行羧酯化反应合成3-戊烯酸甲酯是Altam路线生产己内酰胺绿色工艺的关键步骤.将Pd与三齿N-杂环配体或双膦配体组成的催化体系用于1,3-丁二烯的羧酯化反应中,其中乙酸钯/2,6-二(3,5-二甲基吡唑基)吡啶催化剂表现出中等的催化活性,在150℃,p(CO)=6.0MPa的优化条件下反应6h,1,3-丁二烯转化率为78.8%,3-戊烯酸甲酯选择性达92.2%(TON=226);而乙酸钯/2,2'-二(二苯基瞵基)苯醚催化体系的活性更高,在优化反应条件下,1,3-丁二烯转化率达90.4%,3-戊烯酸甲酯选择性为91.6%(TON=181).在200℃及类似的羧酯化反应条件下,1,3-丁二烯发生二聚反应,其转化率为99%以上,二聚产物4-乙烯基-1-环己烯选择性高于96%.
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