以葡萄糖、氟钛酸铵和氟硅酸铵为原料,采用一锅水热合成法在葡萄糖聚合形成的胶体碳球表面原位生成了含有Ti/Si物种的前驱物实心微球,再经高温焙烧脱除碳球模板,制得Si掺杂的TiO2空心微球.应用高分辨透射电镜、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和N2吸附-脱附等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,Si进入到TiO2的晶格,形成的Si-O-Ti键不仅可有效抑制TiO2物相从锐钛矿向金红石转变,而且还能阻碍TiO2纳米晶在焙烧过程中快速长大.随着Si掺杂量的增加,组成空心微球壳层的TiO2纳米晶的平均晶粒度逐渐减小,而空心微球的比表面积和孔体积逐渐增大.以亚甲基蓝(MB)溶液为模拟污染物,考察了紫外光下Si掺杂TiO2空心微球的光催化性能.结果表明,随着Si掺杂量的增加,TiO2空心微球对MB溶液的降解效率显著升高;当Si的摩尔分数为0.5时,空心微球的光催化效率最高,是P25的1.25倍.
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