以丙烯酰胺(AM)、丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DAC)和甲基丙烯酸(MAA)为单体,在乙醇介质中制备出对pH值、盐浓度双敏感的两性聚电解质微球.采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和红外光谱(IR)方法对其形貌和结构进行了表征.研究了聚电解质微球在不同pH值溶液及NaCl、CaCl2盐溶液中粒径的变化情况.研究结果表明,第二步中反应制备的微球粒径为1 177 nm,多分散指数(PDI)为0.181;相比第一步反应制备的微球(d=764nm;PDI=0.069)其粒径明显增大,PDI数值略有增加.当溶液pH＜4.3时,微球的粒径随溶液pH值的减小而逐渐增加;当pH＞4.3时,微球的粒径随溶液pH值的变大逐渐增加;pH=4.3时,微球的粒径具有最小值.盐溶液的pH值接近等电点时,在单价态NaCl溶液中,两性聚电解质微球表现出典型反聚电解质效应;而在多价态CaCl2溶液中,其粒径先增长再逐渐下降.
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