将苯酚和甲醛在碱性条件下聚合,然后在酸性条件下与软模板剂F127自组装形成中间相,经高温煅烧合成球形微-介双阶多孔炭.通过扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、氮气吸附-脱附和热重分析技术对样品进行了形貌观察和性能测试.结果表明,pH值、软模板剂用量和活化温度对样品形貌有调控作用.当软模板剂F127的质量分数为20％、pH值为0.5和活化温度为700℃时,可制备出直径为100～200 nm的球形炭,球形粒子分散均匀,排列规整,呈明显蠕虫状排列的孔隙结构,比表面积为503 m2/g,孔容积0.416 cm3/g,介孔孔径集中分布在2.9nm,微孔主要分布在1.3 nm.随着活化温度升高,炭球的比表面积和孔容积增大,平均孔径减小.F127的热解形成介孔结构,碳前驱体高温下的径向收缩形成微孔结构.
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