探索了一种合成规则的层状双金属氢氧化物(简称LDHs)六角纳米片的新方法,该方法基于传统的共沉淀法,并借鉴了尿素法的优点.系统研究了沉淀剂、反应溶剂、反应时间和沉淀剂滴加速率对最终得到的粒子结晶度和形貌的影响.研究结果表明,采用NH4OH为沉淀剂,以乙醇/水混合溶液为溶剂得到的LDHs纳米粒子结晶度高,晶型发育完美,呈现规则的六角片状,单分散性良好,粒径介于100～250 nm之间.乙醇的加入一方面减慢了NH4OH电离出OH-的速率,降低了溶液过饱和度；另一方面,乙醇分子包裹在LDHs粒子周围,其表面的羟基起到了空间位阻作用,阻止粒子之间的团聚.最佳反应时间既要保证LDHs晶粒的充分发育和成长,又要防止粒子之间的团聚.反应时间较短(1 h)时,晶粒发育不完全,粒子呈现不规则的六角片形；反应时间较长(4 h)时,LDHs粒子出现了六角片状重叠现象；只有当反应时间适中(3 h),LDHs粒子因晶胞生长充分而粒径分布均匀,并呈现规则六角片状.沉淀剂滴加速率的不同会改变体系的过饱和度,从而影响LDHs粒子的形貌,滴加速率较低(0.025 mL/s)时,得到的粒子形貌规则、单分散性良好,且随着滴加速率的降低,粒子粒径逐渐增大.
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