采用共沉淀、高温焙烧及KF掺杂Zn-Al类水滑石的方法制备了KF/Zn-Al固体碱催化剂.通过正交试验考察了制备条件对KF/Zn-Al固体碱催化活性的影响,得到的优化条件为:陈化温度353 K、陈化时间16 h、焙烧温度823 K、焙烧时间6h及m(KF)/m(Zn-Al)=1.以优化条件下制备的KF/Zn-Al固体碱为催化剂,在n(醇)/n(油)=9、m(催化剂)/m(油)=0.04、反应温度338 K、反应时间0.5h的条件下,菜籽油转化率可达97.75％.采用TG-DTG、BET、XRD、SEM技术及Hammett指示剂法对催化剂及其前驱体进行了表征.对催化剂结构及表面性质与其活性之间的关系进行了讨论.
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