制备了多种离子液体,并将其作为催化剂和溶剂催化果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基糠醛(HMF).制备的酸性离子液体包括磺酸基功能化酸性离子液体、咪唑类酸性离子液体和吡啶类酸性离子液体.利用核磁共振仪和红外光谱仪对离子液体的结构进行表征.利用紫外可见光分光光度计结合Hammett指示剂计算Hammett酸度函数,比较了酸强度的大小对反应的影响.结果表明,离子液体的酸强度对反应有较大影响,在无其它催化剂和溶剂的情况下,离子液体具有较高的催化活性,通过使用1-丁基-3..甲基咪唑氯盐(BmimCl)作为催化剂,当反应温度为120℃,反应进行到4h时,HMF收率可以达到74.97％.
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