纤维染料是使纤维着色的物质,其分析检测对纺织、环保、法庭科学、古文物研究等诸多领域都有重要的意义.然而纤维染料的种类繁多、成分复杂,加之高灵敏度以及原位无损检测的分析需求日益突出,使得纤维染料的分析面临挑战.尽管如此,研究人员一直致力于高效、灵敏、无损的纤维染料分析新方法和新技术的研究,目前已经开发了多种纤维染料的分析方法,这些方法可大致分为3类:光谱法、色谱法及质谱法.该文综述了纤维染料的特点及纤维染料的检测方法及最新研究进展,并对未来纤维染料检测方法的发展进行了展望,为更好地开展纤维染料的分析提供了参考.
Fibers are the basic unit of textile,and fiber dyes are the colored substances that have affinity for fibers and are able to absorb and reflect certain visible wavelengths of light.The analysis of fiber dyes is extremely important in many fields,such as textile industry,environmental protection,forensic science and antiquarian research.However,it is challenging to analyze the fiber dyes because of the extremely small sample sizes,the desire for nondestructive techniques,and the vast complexity of modern dye compositions.Nevertheless,significant amount of researches have been done to build new methods and techniques for efficient,sensitive and nondestructive fiber dye analysis.Those methods can be divided into three categories:spectroscopy,chromatography and mass spectrometry.The combination of chromatography and mass spectrometry,especially the development of soft ionization mass spectrometry,makes the detection of trace dyes in a complex fiber matrices become easier to implement.In this paper,the classification and characteristics of fiber dyes are summarized briefly,and the analytical methods and the latest progress for the determination of fiber dyes in recent years are reviewed.The challenge of fiber dye analysis is also discussed,hoping to provide some references to develop new methods and techniques.
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