为改善聚磷酸铵(APP)与环氧树脂等高聚物的相容性和耐水性,采用原位聚合法在其表面包覆尿素-甲醛树脂(脲醛树脂)、三聚氰胺-甲醛树脂(蜜胺树脂)和脲醛-蜜胺双层树脂,用XRD、SEM和FT-IR等手段对包覆前后的聚磷酸铵的结构进行表征,并将其加入到环氧树脂(EP)中,用热分析(TG)、极限氧指数分析(LOI)和垂直燃烧试验(UL94)测试其阻燃性能.结果表明:聚磷酸铵表面分别包覆了3种斥水性树脂,从而改善了其与环氧树脂的相容性和耐水性;微胶囊化的聚磷酸铵使环氧树脂具有良好的热稳定性,初始分解温度从150 ℃提高到300 ℃;将15 g微胶囊化的聚磷酸铵与15 g季戊四醇混合后,加入到70 g环氧树脂中,LOI从19%上升到29%以上,UL94达到了V-1以上,显示出了优异的阻燃性能.
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