以廉价的工业级正硅酸乙酯为原料,经过酸碱两步催化制备二氧化硅凝胶,分别以三甲基氯硅烷(TMCS)/六甲基二硅氧烷(HMDSO)溶液和TMCS/n-C6H14溶液对凝胶进行改性,常压干燥下制得产品.用FT-IR、TEM、XRD等手段对样品进行表征,并考察了产品的疏水性能和在外墙涂料中的隔热性能.在相同的条件下,前者可以使凝胶溶剂交换和表面改性同时完成,而后者则不能.以TMCS/HMDSO改性所得产品为无定型非晶态结构,具有5～10 nm孔径.改性后的SiO2气凝胶具有较强的疏水性,在外墙建筑涂料中具有优良的隔热性能.
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