研究了在KCl-KBF_4体系和KCl-KBF_4-B_2O_3体系中熔盐电解法制备硼粉的工艺条件.对KCl-KBF_4体系采用正交试验法研究了熔盐配比、温度、阴极电流密度和电解时间对硼粉纯度及电流效率的影响,得到的最佳实验条件为:KCl:KBF_4为5:1,温度750℃,阴极电流密度1.5 A·cm~(-2),电解时间3 h.该条件下能得到纯度95%以上的球形非晶态硼粉,电流效率可达到80%以上.KCl-KBF_4-B_2O_3体系熔盐电解得到超细球形硼粉,但电流效率低,产品难以收集,杂质含量较高.
The feasibility and optimum process of boron powder preparation was studied in KCl-KBF_4and KCl-KBF_4-B_2O_3 molten salt systems. In KCl-KBF_4 molten salt systems, the effects of molten salt composition, temperature, cathode current density and electrolysis time on purity and current efficiency were investigated by orthogonal experimental method. The results showed that the purity of amorphous boron with more than 95% spheres shape was obtained under the condition in that the ratio of KCl: KBF_4 was 5:1, temperature was 750 ℃, cathode current density was 1.5 A·cm~(-2), and electrolyze time was 3 h. The current efficiency was more than 80%. In the KCI-KBF_4-B_2O_3 molten salt systems, fine boron powder with spheres shape was obtained. However, the current efficiency was low, the product contained high impurity and was difficult to collect.
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