从稀土荧光灯生产工艺过程产生的废稀土荧光粉中酸浸出稀土的实验结果表明,酸浸出法能够浸出废稀土荧光粉中的稀土.与用盐酸和硝酸浸出相比,用硫酸浸出废稀土荧光粉中稀土的浸出率较高,从技术、经济及环保角度考虑,优选用硫酸作为从废稀土荧光粉中浸出回收稀土的浸出剂.提高浸出反应温度、增加硫酸浓度和提升浸出器转速,都能提高稀土的浸出率.在温度45℃条件下,用2 mol·L-1硫酸浸出工艺废稀土荧光粉8 h,4种稀土Y,Eu,Ce,Tb的浸出率分别为67.9%,73.1%,66.4%,67.9%,非稀土成分Al的浸出率为39.2%.当升高温度到接近100℃进行硫酸浸出时,4种稀土Y,Eu,Ce,Tb的浸出率分别上升到80.4%,82.2%,81.4%,80.O%,非稀土成分Al的浸出率则增高到86.1%.扫描电镜图像显示废稀土荧光粉浸出前表面较平整,而其浸出渣的表面则有微小的絮状物和粒度变细,表明硫酸浸蚀废荧光粉而使稀土进入溶液中.浸出前后能谱分析显示,废稀土荧光粉浸出渣中稀土的相对含量已大大降低,表明稀土大部分已被硫酸浸出,浸出渣中的不溶物主要是C.
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