采用二级轻气炮将2017A1球弹丸加速至3 km.s-1后,分别撞击AZ31靶板和纯铁靶板,通过扫描电镜、EBSD和透射电镜对两种靶板弹坑底部的微观组织进行观察,发现两种材料在弹坑底部形成不同特征的细晶组织.AZ31弹坑底部发生了动态再结晶,形成随机取向的细小等轴晶粒,具有较低硬度和较强的固态流动能力,对超高速碰撞下弹坑的成形起到了关键的作用.纯铁弹坑底部由剧烈的塑性变形形成带状组织,带状组织内部为相邻取向差较小的细晶.纯Fe弹坑底部表现出明显的加工硬化,细晶组织硬度较高,并产生了大量缺陷,加速了材料的破坏.
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