采用真空气雾化与高能机械球磨法结合,制备SnCoC复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,操作简单,时间短,易于实现工业化.采用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)检测合金粉末及复合材料的相结构和表面形貌,结果发现碳的引入不会对合金相结构产生影响,它以无定形碳形式存在,随着球磨时间的增加,合金由晶态向非晶态转变,且颗粒变得均匀,部分颗粒尺寸甚至达到纳米级.将制得材料组装成模拟电池,测试其电化学特性,结果表明:球磨20h的Sn-Co合金比未球磨的合金负极的比容量高且循环更稳定,而将台金与石墨球磨后,所得复合材料的电化学性能进一步提高,首次库仑效率最高达90.6％,50次循环后容量保持率66.7％.分析可知:通过将锡钴合金弥散在无定形碳中,获得非晶纳米晶双相结构的SnCoC复合材料.非晶材料的各向同性,能够缓冲Li-Sn在合金化-去合金化过程中产生的结构和电场应力；纳米级尺寸的材料内部空隙多,有利于锂离子的扩散；碳材料除了稳定的结构外还可以提供一定的容量.这些有利因素结合起来,极大改善了材料的电化学性能.
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