用离心铸造方法制备ZA4-1合金铸件,借助扫描电镜、金相显微镜和万能试验机研究A-5Ti-B细化剂含量对ZA4-1合金微观组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明:ZA4-1合金中加入含量为0.01％～0.04％的Al-5Ti-B细化剂能够有效细化晶粒,随着细化剂含量增加,细化效果下降.本实验中获得Al-5Ti-B细化剂最佳含量为0.02％.当Al-5Ti-B细化剂含量为0.02％时,合金组织出现等轴晶粒,延伸率提高至3％,但抗拉强度降低了28％,在拉伸实验过程中,试件几乎没有出现颈缩现象,而是直接发生脆性解理断裂.相比未加入细化剂的合金,解理面变小,解理台阶增多,出现较多的撕裂岭和裂纹,还出现了部分小的韧窝,提高了合金的塑韧性;当Al-5Ti-B细化剂含量增加到0.04％时,晶粒的大小又有增大的趋势,合金晶粒细化效果降低,抗拉强度有小幅增加,金相显微镜观察到晶界处有较多的共晶组织析出,共晶组织的出现降低了ZA4-1合金的强度,并且出现脆性相富集于晶界处,形成缺陷,使合金的塑性降低.
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