采用浸渍法制备了Ni/MgO与Ni/O-D(氧化金刚石)催化剂,分别研究了反应温度和空速对甲烷催化裂解转化率的影响,并利用XPS、SEM、EDS等测试技术对催化剂进行了表征. 结果表明,33Ni/O-D和41Ni/MgO分别在500与650 ℃能长时间维持其催化活性,前者在150 min内的甲烷转化率＞8%,后者则在120 min内的甲烷转化率＞25%;甲烷初始转化率随裂解反应温度升高而增大,但温度过高导致催化剂迅速失活;降低空速有利于提高甲烷的转化率,但却会降低氢气产量;甲烷裂解生成的碳产物形貌取决于载体和催化反应条件,较低温度(500和550 ℃)下,Ni/O-D表面的裂解碳呈现出纤维状,在650 ℃以上则表现为板结颗粒堆积并将Ni完全覆盖,但该温度下的Ni/MgO表面仍能形成碳纤维,并随空速降低存在直径增加的趋势.
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