离子液体是由一种特定阳离子和阴离子构成且在室温或近于室温下呈液态的熔盐体系.其主要特点是几乎没有蒸汽压,低熔点、高稳定性、电化学窗口大、酸性可调及良好的溶解度,能够溶解许多有机物和无机物,特别是离子液体的物化性能取决于阴阳离子的构成和配对,被称为"可设计的溶剂".本文综述了离子液体在萃取分离、色谱分离和毛细管电泳等方面的应用进展,并对其发展前景进行了展望.作为一类安全稳定、环境友好的新型介质,离子液体在绿色化学中显示出巨大的潜力和应用前景,已成为催化化学、有机合成、电化学等领域近年来的研究热点.
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