碳酸钙有方解石、霞石和球霞石3种同质异构形态,其中方解石是天然碳酸钙的最常见形式,也是碳酸盐在地表的稳定形态.作者研究和论述了重金属离子在碳酸盐形成过程中配分问题.文章分两部分:第一部分介绍配分问题研究的理论基础、实验方法和重金属离子的配分特征;第二部分介绍配分问题的研究机制.本文为第一部分.在这篇文章中,作者提出了重金属离子配分系数的计算方程;评述了方解石、霞石和球霞石及其固溶体的生成条件和合成方法;总结了晶体内微量元素的分析方法;讨论了重金属离子的配分特征.实验结果表明:Mg2+离子抑制球霞石的形成;Sr2+离子促进霞石的形成;F-离子抑制Mg2+在方解石晶面的吸附;Sr2+离子的分凝系数随生长速率的增加而增加;Co2+,Mg2+,Cd2+的分凝系数随生长速率的增加而降低.
Calcium carbonate has three different crystal forms, such as calcite, aragonite and vaterite. Calcite is the most common form of native calcium carbonate known and is one of the stable forms of carbonate on the earth's surface also. Authors have been summarized the research progress on heavy metals partitioning in carbonate calcium formation. The review is divided two parts. The topic for the part 1 is theoretic background and experimental methods. The topic for the part 2 is research progress and partitioning mechanism. Here is the part 1. In this paper,the equations for calculating partitioning coefficient of heavy metal ions were propo-sed. The growth conditions and synthetic methods for calcite, aragonite and vaterite and its solid solution have been evaluated. The analytical methods for trace elements were summarized. The partitioning behaviors of heavy metal ions were discussed. The experimental results shown that: the presence of Mg2+ inhibits vaterite formation;the presence of Sr2+ favors aragonite formation;F- inhibits adsorption of Mg2+ ions on calcite surface;the Sr2+ distribution coefficients increases with increasing precipitation rate, while for Co2+, Mn2+, Cd2+, the distribution coefficients decrease with increasing precipitation rate.
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