凝固时的固液界面通常为平面、胞状、枝晶状.在某些条件下结晶,会形成双胞结构、三胞结构、倾斜枝晶、密集分枝和退化枝晶等不规则界面.本文介绍了不规则界面的形貌特征,讨论了界面能各向异性、压力和温度对界面形貌的影响以及规则界面与不规则界面的相互转变等问题.当晶体沿着某些特定位向生长时,界面能接近于各向同性,晶体以密集分枝方式生长;当界面能各向异性时,大多数晶体以规则枝晶方式生长.在VF工艺中,低压下得到密集分枝界面;压力增加,界面以枝晶方式生长;压力进一步增加,重新得到密集分枝界面.
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