材料期刊网

综述了纳米添加剂在氧化物基耐火材料和含碳耐火材料中应用的研究概况，指出充分考虑纳米添加剂粒度小、比表面积大和反应活性高等特点是其成功应用的关键。在适当条件下，纳米添加剂会起到较好的助烧结作用、矿化作用或者催化作用，进而提高试样的性能。在氧化物基耐火材料中，与单一组成耐火材料中添加同组成纳米添加剂提高烧结性相比，多组成材料中所添加纳米添加剂能够发生反应生成新物相的研究工作较多，部分研究取得了较好的应用效果。所添加纳米添加剂与材料内组分反应生成粒度细小、分布均匀的新相，从而调整、改善材料的性能，故添加能反应生成新相的纳米添加剂是有意义的研究方向。在含碳耐火材料中，氧化物纳米添加剂、含碳类纳米添加剂或其他纳米添加剂均可以在一定程度上降低碳的加入量，保持或改善材料的性能，其中以纳米炭黑的应用效果最好；某些纳米添加剂的催化作用使无定形碳转变为晶体碳纤维，提高了残碳率，增强了结合性，故这方面的研究有较广阔的应用前景，应引起科研人员重视。

Application status of nano-additives in oxide refractories and carbon containing refractories was expounded,and it was pointed out that characteristics of nano-additives such as nano-size,large specific surface area and high reactivity were the key reasons for their successful application.In appropriate condi-tions,nano-additives act as sintering aid,mineralizer or catalyzer to improve properties of refractories.For oxide refractories,there are more researches on multi-component refractories than single-component re-fractories,the nano-additives can form new phases,which are tiny and homogeneously distribute in some multi-component refractories,improving its properties.For carbon containing refractories,adding oxide nano-additives,carbon containing nano-additives or other nano-additives can reduce the carbon addition and keep or improve the properties of the refractories.Among the nano-additives,nano carbon black plays the best effect.Some nano-additives play a key role in catalysis to change amorphous carbon into crystal carbon fiber,which increases the residual carbon rate and enhances the combination in the matrix.It’s a promising research direction and worth focusing on.