化学镀Ni-P可以改善铝合金易产生晶间腐蚀、表面硬度低、不耐磨损等缺陷,欲使镀层与铝合金基体具有很好的结合力,前处理工艺则显得尤为重要.采用正交试验,用极差法分析了活化和预镀镍各工艺参数对后续化学镀Ni-P镀速影响的主次顺序,确定了活化和预镀镍镀液的最佳配方及各工艺条件,并利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜能谱、增重法、热震实验和失重法等测试了采用最佳活化、预镀镍工艺所得镀层的形貌和性能,结果表明:所确定的活化、预化学镀镍前处理工艺可显著提高镀层的硬度、沉积速率及其与基体的结合强度,镀层组织致密均匀,耐蚀性优良.
The electroless Ni-P coating could improve the defects of aluminum alloy such as intercrystalline corrosion occurred easily, low surface hardness, poor abrasion resistance. To obtain good combination force of the coating and aluminum substrate the pre-treatment process is even more important. Analyzed by orthogonal tests and maximum difference method, the important orders that the processing parameters of activation and pre-nickel plating affect the subsequent electroless plating Ni-P plating rate are determined. The optimal formula and processing conditions of activation and pre-nickel plating were also determined. The morphology and properties of the coatings obtained by activation and pre-nickel plating were investigated by metallographic microscope, scanning electron microscope, weight gain and loss method and thermal shock tests. Experimental results show that: the new activation and pre-electroless technology can significantly improve the microhardness, deposition rate and bonding strength with the substrate of Ni-P coating. The coating obtained as such has dense and homogenous microstructures and good corrosion resistance.
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