从NiTi形状记忆合金(Shape Memory Alloy,SMA)性能评价和智能结构研究的角度出发,分析了SMA的应力、应变、温度、电阻以及相变之间的关系.通过分阶段和不同变量组合,对SMA的力学、热学和电学特性进行了实验研究.建立了拉伸状态下形状各异的应力-应变曲线通用物理模型,并进行了数值模拟.结果表明:SMA在马氏体相变,特别是R相变时出现一系列物理、力学性质的异常变化,其本构关系呈现高度非线性;数值模拟结果与实验结果较好地吻合;采用应力、应变、电阻、温度四坐标同步测量是对SMA性能评价的重要方法和有效手段.
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