采用液相注入的化学气相流催化反应,在乙醇为碳源和二茂铁为催化剂的反应系统中加入微量的水,在氩气流中高产率合成出具有氧化基表面、高结晶度和大内管径的多壁碳纳米管.此方法合成的碳管可高浓度分散于乙醇、苯、甲苯、二甲苯、正己烷等有机溶剂中.高分辨电镜观察碳管端部呈开口状,碳管表层部分有缺陷,但管内碳层完整、排列整齐、呈高度结晶态.光电子能谱(XPS)分析测得碳管表面有碳氧键.由此可知,在反应系统中加入微量的水一方面活化了催化剂、提高了碳管产率,另一方面产生了氧化的碳管表面.对碳管进行氧化处理获得可分散纳米碳管是实现其众多应用的关键步骤,常规采用酸处理氧化或热氧化等后续处理方法,但这些处理常常导致破坏结晶性,降低材料性能.本工作采用一步法高产率合成出具有氧功能化表面的、可分散、高结晶度的碳纳米管,这对碳管的制备及相关应用具有重要意义.
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