采用宏观与微观结合的方法,在疲劳试验机上进行疲劳试验,在光学显微下观察裂纹的起裂与扩展.研究了压力容器用钢16MnR在低周疲劳下微孔(40～200μm)的裂纹萌生与扩展规律.研究表明裂纹的萌生机制:滑移带启裂和疏松带启裂,前者由剪应力起主要作用,后者由正应力起主要作用.而滑移带的局部性和裂纹开叉是低周疲劳下微裂纹的两大典型现象.微观缺陷尺寸、应力水平对疲劳寿命有显著影响,当应力水平较低时,微孔尺寸对寿命的影响明显.而当应力水平较高时(超过屈服极限),孔径对寿命的影响不敏感.在同一应力水平下,微缺陷尺寸存在临界值dt,当d＞dt时,疲劳寿命下降很多.
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